5.02 Evolutionary Relationships – In the cladogram, what two organisms share the most recent
.jpg”>1.
(2 pts) In the cladogram, what two organisms share the most recent common
ancestor?
A) Rodents/rabbits and crocodiles
B) Sharks and Ray-finned fish
C) Primates and humans
D) Primates and Rodents/Rabbits
2. (2 pts) According to the cladogram, which organisms develop in an
“amniotic egg”?
A) Crocodiles and Birds
B) Primates and Rodents/Rabbits
C) Primates, Rodents/Rabbits,
Crocodiles, Birds
D) Amphibians, Primates,
Rodents/Rabbits, Crocodiles, Birds
3. Charles Darwin – came to the conclusion that all species of
life have descended over time from common ancestors in a branching pattern.
.gif” alt=”Text box: artificial selection
when darwin got back from the voyage, he continued his studies. he looked at changes produced by plant/animal ________________. breeders know that the ___________ of individuals within a species ___________. the breeders could ________________ the species over many _____________________ by selecting the individuals with the desired traits to mate together. this is called: _________________ ______________________. (if changes can occur through artificial selection, then it would make sense that the same thing could happen naturally as well)
give an example of a crop that is bred through artificial selection:
“>4. Read and take notes on Artificial Selection on page 2 of the
lesson. YOU WILL BE TESTED ON THIS!
5.Natural selection – is a mechanism for the evolution of a
population to become better adapted to their local environment over many
generations.
6. Selection and Species Fitness -Overtime,
natural selection results in changes in the inherited characteristics of
a population. These changes increase
species fitness (survival rate).
7. (10 pts) Main principles behind natural selection…
Principle
Notes
Examples
Populations evolve, individuals do not.
·
Populations are groups of individuals
belonging to the ____________ species and living in the same area
·
a _________________ is the
smallest group that can evolve.
Inherited Variation
·
individuals within a
population have natural ________________ that can be inherited (they are
genetic)
Overproduction of offspring
·
ability to produce more
_____________________ than can survive
Adaptations
help individuals compete successfully for survival and therefore beneficial
adaptations will become more common in a population.
·
since more individuals are
produced than can survive, they must ___________________ for food, space,
etc.
·
“survival of the
fittest.”- Survival, in
evolutionary terms, means living long enough to successfully ___________.
·
Any inherited trait that
increases an organism’s ability to survive is called an _________________.
·
3 types of adaptations:
·
Over many generations, more
beneficial traits will become more _______________ since the organisms with
those traits are better able to survive and _________________.
Species
can evolve into new species over many generations of successful adaptations.
·
New species can eventually
emerge with all of these new adaptations over generations
-all living species descended with ___________________
from common ancestors over a very long period of time
8. (2 pts) Based on what you’ve learned about fitness in a species,
which of the four male lions described below would biologists consider the “fittest”? _________________________
NAME
GEORGE
DWAYNE
SPOT
TYRONE
AGE AT DEATH
13 YEARS
16 YEARS
12 YEARS
10 YEARS
# OF CUBS FATHERED
19
25
22
22
# OF CUBS SURVIVING TO ADULTHOOD
15
14
14
19
SIZE
10 FEET
8.5 FEET
9 FEET
9 FEET
9. (3
pts) Explain why Dwayne was not the fittest even though he lived the longest
and fathered the most cubs.
10. (3 pts) If Tyrone’s
cubs survived due to an inheritable trait that made them more resistant to
infections, would they continue to produce fitter generations of cubs? Why or
why not?
11. (3pts) If Tyrone’s
cubs survived because they lived near a park ranger who put out meat with
medicine in it that helped the cubs survive, would they continue to produce
fitter generations of cubs? Why or why not?
.gif”>12. (4pts) This series of pictures shows natural
selection in a population of cacti. Pictures 1 and 2 show what happened when a
deer came to eat, picture 3 shows the cacti a few weeks later (notice the
flowers on the right-hand cactus), and picture 4 shows the situation a few
months later.
A.
How does this cactus scenario demonstrate inherited variation?
B.
How does this cactus scenario demonstrate an adaptation that helps individuals
compete successfully for survival and thus becomes more common in the
population?
13.
(10 pts) “Survival of the fittest” is a common expression. How would
you explain this expression to help someone understand how natural selection actually
functions?
Need more help? Check-out these videos.
Charles Darwin’s Evolution (9 minutes):.youtube.com/watch?v=x8kHFDBOmG4″>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8kHFDBOmG4
Crash
Course Natural Selection: (12 minutes) .youtube.com/watch?v=aTftyFboC_M”>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTftyFboC_M
