Kelly and Rudy contested an election to become the director of an interest group

Social PsychologyQuiz #2Chapters 6 – 9Part 1: Multiple Choice Questions (worth 2 points each)1. Kelly and Rudy contested an election to become the director of an interest group.Mary, a newer member of the group, voted for Kelly merely because most memberssupported Kelly. Which of the following influenced Mary’s behavior in thissituation?A) Majority influenceB) Referent influenceC) Minority influenceD) Legitimate influence2. Angelina fails in an examination. She thinks that she failed because of an externalfactor that is less likely to change over time. Which of the following is a likelyjustification that Angelina will have?A) I did not prepare well for the examination.B) I failed because of my bad luck.C) It is very difficult to pass the examination.D) Passing the exam will not benefit me.3. The _____ states that a given behavior is more likely to have been caused by thesituation if that behavior changes across situations.A) incremental effectB) primacy effectC) central traits principleD) covariation principle4. Emma wants Ricky’s help to complete a project. When Emma approaches Ricky, shefinds that he received a bonus in his paycheck and is in a good mood. Which of thefollowing is most likely to be true based on the relationship between mood andhelp?A) Emma can indicate that she needs help but should not provide the details.B) It is not the right occasion for Emma to ask for help.C) Ricky is likely to accept her request for help if she asks him now.D) Emma should ask for help only after Ricky comes out of the excitement stage.5. Similar individuals are often attracted to each other. Which of the following is a validexplanation of this occurrence?A) Similarity produces a physical attractiveness stereotype.B) Similarity is associated with hormones that evoke attraction.C) Similarity makes the relationship easier.D) Similarity acts as a substitute for attractiveness.6. Nonverbal behaviors _____.A) will communicate the same information as verbal behaviorB) are limited in what they can convey to us about othersC) cannot be informative during the initial stages of person perceptionD) are not useful in the process of person perception7. Which of the following is a valid observation of altruism?A) Individuals are more likely to be altruistic toward people who are closely related tothem.B) Altruism is less likely to be passed on to subsequent generations.C) Altruism is not a basic feature of human nature.D) Altruism involves actions that seem to provide a direct reward to the person whoperforms them.8. Which of the following examples reinforce the principle of mere exposure?A) Infants start crying when they are in an unfamiliar person’s custody.B) Attractive women like people with unique traits.C) Women aspire to have the company of people who have higher social statuses.D) Dissimilar individuals grab more attention than the similar ones.9. Which of the following terms refers to the ability of a person to create conformity,even when the people being influenced may attempt to resist those changesA) Psychological reactanceB) Social powerC) Normative reactanceD) Social influence10. Which of the following refers to the love that is based on friendship, mutualattraction, common interests, mutual respect, and concern for each other’s welfare?A) Companionate loveB) Communal loveC) Passionate loveD) Transactional love11. People are more attracted to faces that are more symmetrical in comparison to thosethat are less symmetrical. Which of the following statements is a valid explanationof this occurrence?A) Symmetrical faces are uncommon and are noticed easily.B) Symmetrical faces create masculine looks in individuals.C) Symmetrical faces do not appear like an average face in the crowd.D) Symmetrical faces are perceived to healthier than asymmetrical faces.12. A group was asked to judge the ability of a speaker after showing a 30 second video.Which of the following is a conclusion that we can derive from this situation basedon the studies conducted by Rule & Ambady?A) The group’s judgment will be based on previous experiences.B) The group is likely to fail in making a timely judgment.C) The group’s judgment will be highly inaccurate.D) The group’s judgment will be similar to actual audience’s judgment.13. We will say that a person has a prosocial personality when he or she _____.A) has obtained training to help others during emergenciesB) has favorable social help to be cooperative toward other peopleC) belongs to a society that promotes altruistic valuesD) is more helpful than others across a variety of situations14. Alice notices that her colleague Jenny is in a bad mood. Jenny responded passively toher queries and seemed upset. Alice tries to understand the causes of Jenny’sbehavior. Here, Alice is engaging in _____.A) fundamental attributionB) internal optimizationC) causal attributionD) external optimization15. Every day, you learn about others who interact with you. This process of learningabout others is known as _____.A) person perceptionB) inoculationC) fundamental attributionD) self-serving attribution16. _____ refers to the idea that, if we help other people now, those others will return thefavor should we need their help in the future.A) Reciprocal altruismB) DissonanceC) Pure altruismD) Reciprocal apathy17. Which of the following is a key difference, observed in helping behavior, betweenlarge cities and rural towns?A) People who live in large cities are more likely to help than those who live in smallertowns.B) Large cities are more helpful for emergencies whereas small towns are more forsimple issues.C) People who live in large cities and those who live in smaller towns have the sameprobability of helping others.D) People who live in smaller towns are more likely to help than those who live in largecities.18. Which of the following occurs when people think that others in their environmenthave information that they do not have and base their judgments on what they thinkthe others are thinking?A) Pluralistic ignoranceB) Conditional ignoranceC) Cognitive dissonanceD) Cultural dissonance19. “Do onto other as you would have them do onto you.” This golden rule of philosophyis based on the _____ norm.A) interactivityB) altruistic responsibilityC) reciprocityD) social responsibility20. The members of a close relationship are highly interdependent if they _____.A) rely on their own resources to build the relationshipB) have access to each others’ resources.C) rely to a great degree on each other to meet their goals.D) have access to a great deal of information about each other.21. Which of the following statements accurately describes the physical attractivenessstereotype?A) Tendency to perceive people with unique personality traits as attractive.B) Tendency to view people with unique physical characteristics as attractive.C) Tendency to perceive attractive people as having positive characteristics.D) Tendency to oversee the other positive aspects of attractive individuals.22. Which of the following describes the principle of social exchange?A) People build relationships by exchanging services with others.B) Women usually marry men who have higher social status than them.C) People, on an average, attract partners who are similar to them.D) Intelligent people often partner with people who are less intelligent.23. Identify an instance where an individual is experiencing empathy.A) Edward is in a state of depression after the demise of his wife.B) Stella is stressed due to work pressures and challenges.C) Ruth feels the emotions of her friend who failed in a test.D) Jonathan decides to donate a part of his salary to a political party.24. Which of the following is an example of a stable attribution?A) I always come first in the running race.B) I failed because I did not have the needed resources.C) I fail in everything that I doD) I succeeded because of my hard work25. Jeff is approached by a salesperson. The salesperson fails to make a first impressionand Jeff decides in the early minutes of the sales presentation itself that he will notbuy anything from the salesperson. Which of the following phenomena is observedhere?A) Central traits principleB) Incremental effectC) Primacy effectD) Covariation principle26. We receive assistance, advice, comfort, and other aids from our parents, friends,teachers, and well-wishers. Which of the following terms collectively refer to allthese favors we receive from people with whom we have stable positiverelationships?A) CommitmentB) Mere exposureC) Exchange relationshipD) Social support27. Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of socialinfluence?A) Tactics used by individuals to influence the social decision making processB) Others’ influence on our everyday thoughts, feelings and behaviorC) Differences observed in behaviors when the behaviors are subject to social scrutinyD) Ways in which individuals behave in a socially controlled situation28. We base our beliefs about our medical condition on the opinions of our doctors.Which of the following refers to this practice of believing the experts?A) public conformityB) conditional conformityC) normative conformityD) informational conformity29. It is easier to make personal attributions when the behavior is _____.A) expectedB) unusualC) routineD) ordinary30. Certain positions grant powers to the individuals occupying the positions. Suchpowers are called _____ powers.A) legitimateB) rewardC) referentD) expert31. Which of the following is an example of empty love?A) Dana is passionate about a person who is not committed to her.B) Maria’s partner is close to her but is not passionate about her.C) Gary has an intimate relationship with a girl he is not passionate about.D) Hugo is committed to his marriage without passion or intimacy.32. Which of the following situations is caused by pluralistic ignorance?A) Ruth speeds the car really fast when there are no policemen or cameras on the roads.B) Individuals tend to behave differently during job interviews.C) Individuals often fail to express their opinions in a one-to-one meeting.D) Glenn does not point out the speaker’s mistake when listening to a speech with ahundred people.33. Gary forces Powell to obey his demands by blackmailing him. This is an example ofthe use of _____ power.A) legitimateB) positionalC) coerciveD) referent34. Which of the following is a valid observation of the gender differences inattractiveness?A) Preference for youthful partners is more important for women than for men.B) For men, the physical attractiveness of women is most important when choosingpartners.C) Women give more importance to attractiveness than the social status of a potentialpartner.D) Women, on an average, give little importance to attractiveness of their potentialpartners.35. Which of the following powers is an informational influence based on thefundamental desire to obtain valid and accurate information?A) Expert powerB) Referent powerC) Legitimate powerD) Reward power36. Which of the following is an example of overt cooperation between individuals?A) A traveler hospitalizes an injured motorcyclist.B) Neighbors take care of each others’ pets.C) A company sponsors a village library for children.D) Wealthy individuals sponsor poor children.37. Roger wanted to join the US army. He was only 58 inches tall and was rejectedduring the selection as the minimum height to enlist in us army is 60 inches. Afterthis incident, Roger started thinking that he is a person of little worth. Identify themistake that Roger is making.A) Correspondence biasB) Self-serving biasC) Actor-observer differenceD) Incremental attribution38. Which of the following powers is based on the ability to create negative outcomes forothers?A) CoerciveB) LegitimateC) ReferentD) Expert39. Which of the following is a valid observation of minority influence?A) Minority influence can exist only when a clear majority is absent.B) Minority influence is more common than majority influence.C) Minority can influence others only when their opinions are unusual.D) Minority can influence majority if they are consistent and confident.40. Paul is the leader of a political party. He is an enthusiastic, committed, and selfconfident leader. He inspires party members by telling them about the importance ofbroad goals that his party endorses. He has also made lots of personal sacrifices forhis party. Paul is a _____ leader.A) transactionalB) behavioralC) operationalD) charismaticPart 2: Fill-in-the-blank Questions (worth 2 points each)41. The process of trying to determine the causes of people’s behavior is called _____.42. _____ power occurs when a person is able to influence others by providing them withpositive outcomes.43. Love that is based on friendship, mutual attraction, common interests, mutual respect,and concern for each other’s welfare is known as _____.44. _____ is a social norm that indicates that we should try to help others who needassistance, even without any expectation of future paybacks.45. Attributions that help us meet our desires to see ourselves positively are known as_____.46. _____ refers to the change in beliefs, opinions and behaviors as a result of ourperceptions about what other people believe or do.47. _____ refers to the tendency to be overly positive about the likelihood that negativethings will occur to us and that we will be able to effectively cope with them if theydo.48. _____ is a strong motivational state that prevents conformity.49. _____ is an individual difference variable that relates to the likelihood of helpingothers across many different situations.50. _____ is a description of the different types of relationships that people may havewith other individuals.