Which of the following changes accompanied the transition of cheerleading from a masculine activity to a feminine one?

Which of the following changes accompanied the transition of cheerleading from a masculine activity to a feminine one?Select one:a. Cheerleading gained in popularity and became a much-sought-after pursuit.b. The type of skills cheerleading required changed, so that this activity came to demand much more athleticism than in the past.c. The traits associated with the ideal character of a cheerleader changed from valiant to cute.d. All of the above.What is sexism?Select one:a. regarding masculine traits and activities as more important and valuable than women’sb. the routine positioning of women as men’s helpers and dependentsc. the legal control of female and younger male family members by select adult men.d. prejudice and discrimination against people based on their perceived biological sexWhat is patriarchy?Select one:a. regarding masculine traits and activities as more important and valuable than women’sb. the routine positioning of women as men’s helpers and dependentsc. legal as well as normative control of female and younger male family members by select adult mend. prejudice and discrimination against people based on their perceived biological sexWhat is androcentrism?Select one:a. regarding masculine traits and activities as more important and valuable than women’sb. the routine positioning of women as men’s helpers and dependentsc. legal as well as normative control of female and younger male family members by select adult mend. prejudice and discrimination against people based on their perceived biological sexWhat is gender subordination?Select one:a. regarding masculine traits and activities as more important and valuable than women’sb. the routine positioning of women as men’s helpers and dependentsc. legal as well as normative control of female and younger male family members by select adult mend. prejudice and discrimination against people based on their biological sexA 2012 study found that professors demonstrated bias against female candidates and in favor of male candidates when hiring for a science lab manager position. This type of bias is best described as:Select one:a. sexism.b. androcentrism.c. patriarchy.d. subordination.Sociologist Emily Kane found that parents of boys were ambivalent or even distressed about their sons’ interest in feminine icons (such as Barbie dolls) or participation in girly activities (such as having their nails polished). This concern on the part of parents reflects:Select one:a. sexism.b. androcentrism.c. patriarchy.d. subordination.Studies on language processes in our brain have demonstrated that the words human, individual, and person tend to conjure up cognitive images of men, not men and women. This finding reflects the cultural idea that:Select one:a. men’s gender is more salient than women’s. Women’s gender is invisible.b. men are “marked” as individuals, while women are seen as having a neutral personality.c. women are thought of as kids rather than adults.d. most people see men as people and women as a special kind of female person.Which of the following describes a system in which power is symbolically—but not legally—linked to men?Select one:a. patriarchyb. brotherhoodc. modified patriarchyd. both patriarchy and modified patriarchyWhich of the following is NOT true of an androcentric society?Select one:a. Things associated with masculinity are granted higher status, respect, value, reward, and power compared with things associated with femininity.b.The rewards of the gender hierarchy go only to people with male bodies.c. Women tend to embrace masculine traits and activities.d. Men tend to avoid feminine traits and activities.Which of the following statements best describes the meaning of hegemony?Select one:a. Persistent patterns of social interaction that stand out as very unequal.b. Widely shared beliefs that make inequality seem inevitable or natural.c. Widely endorsed behavioral rules that people would be afraid to violate.d. Rule by force.What is male flight?Select one:a. The phenomenon of men or boys abandoning areas (professions, pastimes, spaces, or styles) as women enter them.b. The phenomenon of men abandoning activities where there is a sexist bias in favor of women (such as cheerleading or being a flight attendant).c. The phenomenon of men abandoning areas or activities in which women outperform them (like education).d.The phenomenon of men and boys pretending not to care about, and underperform in, activities like fashion, dance, or childcare in order to appear masculine.What is hegemonic masculinity?Select one:a. The idea that masculinity is inevitable, natural, and desirable.b. The idea that all men share positive attributes like strength, rationality, and power.c. An idealized and unattainable notion of a man who embodies all the traits associated with masculinity.d. Extreme conformity to the more aggressive rules of masculinity.Which of the following is an example of how the rules of masculinity can sometimes be dangerous/harmful for men?Select one:a. Men are more likely than women to commit violent crimes.b. Men are more likely to do physical harm to themselves by ignoring safety precautions.c. Men are less likely to form close relationships with other men, which may hurt their mental health.d. All of the above.Choose the correct statement.Select one:a. Men follow gender rules in order to police women, as part of their male privilege.b. Men at the top of the hierarchy of men can police the gender of all the other men without fear of being censured themselves.c. Men follow gender rules only to avoid being policed by other men.d. Men follow gender rules as part of a patriarchal bargain in which they accept certain costs in exchange for valuable benefits.Choose the correct statement.Select one:a. Male privilege means that all men benefit equally from gender hierarchy.b. Men at the top of the masculine hierarchy do not have to fear losing their male privilege.c. Men defend hegemonic masculinity because the rules of masculinity are strict and constraining.d. Men defend hegemonic masculinity because it rewards them with superiority over women.