Biol 241 Study Guide for Synapses – Chemical synapses are characterized by all of the following except

Biol 241Study Guide for SynapsesStudy QuestionDefine synapse. Compare and contrast electrical and chemical synapses. Describe chemicalsynapses and explain how they transmit information.Sample exam question1. Chemical synapses are characterized by all of the following exceptA. neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis from the presynaptic cellB. postsynaptic membranes contain ligand-gated ion channels that bind the releasedneurotransmitterC. a fluid-filled gap separates the presynaptic and the postsynaptic membranesD. ions flow through protein channels directly from the presynaptic to the postsynapticneuronE. All of the above characterize chemical synapses.Study QuestionsDescribe, compare and contrast graded potentials and action potentials. Give examples. Wheredoes each one occur (what part of a neuron) and why?Sample exam question2. Which of the following is a type of graded potential?A. EPSPB. IPSPC. depolarization of photoreceptor cell (rod or cone) in the retina in response to changes inlight levelD. A and BE. All of the aboveStudy QuestionsDescribe the structure of a chemical synapse and list the steps involved in synaptictransmission.Sample exam question3. The release of neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse is triggered by theA.B.C.D.E.opening of voltage-gated K+ channelsrelease of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulumdepolarization of the postsynaptic membraneneurotransmitter binding to ligand-gated ion channelspresynaptic influx of Ca2+ through voltage-gated channels1Study QuestionsDistinguish between excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs).Describe how synaptic events are integrated through temporal and spatial summation.4. An IPSP is inhibitory because __________________.A.B.C.D.E.It hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membraneIt reduces the amount of neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic terminalIt prevents calcium entry into the presynaptic terminalIt changes the action potential threshold voltage of the postsynaptic neuronA and D5. A presynaptic neuron is firing action potentials at a high frequency. It therefore is releasingbursts of neurotransmitter onto the presynaptic cell in quick succession. This causes thepostsynaptic cell to depolarize more than it would from a single EPSP. This is an example of____________.A.B.C.D.E.temporal summationspatial summationhyperpolarizationthe relative refractory periodnone of the aboveStudy QuestionsDefine neurotransmitter and name several classes of neurotransmitters.Sample exam question6. Biogenic amine neurotransmitters include all of the following except ____________.A.B.C.D.norepinephrineacetylcholinedopamineseratoninStudy QuestionsExplain how drugs can alter synaptic transmission.Sample exam question7. A drug that mimics the actions of ACh at the neuromuscular junction could be calledA.B.C.D.E.an agonistan antagonista channel blockera synergista fixator2