Name and describe the functions of the contractile, regulatory

Instructions
Please answer each of the following
questions in your own words, using the following guidelines:
·
Pay attention to the marks
allotted for each question. Typically, one or two factual sentences are
required for each mark.
·
Use examples where appropriate.

·
Do not “cut and paste” (copy) from
the textbook.
·
If you use reference materials other
than the course materials, you must cite your sources.

Questions
1. a. Name and describe the functions of the
contractile, regulatory, and structural protein molecules seen in skeletal
muscle fibres.
b.
Beginning with the release of
neurotransmitters, outline the steps of skeletal muscle contraction.
2. Compare
the regulation (including the role of calcium) of skeletal muscle contraction
with that of cardiac muscle contraction and smooth muscle contraction.
3. Beginning with its entry into the right
atrium, trace the path of blood through the heart and into the aorta. Name all
the anatomical structures of the heart that the blood goes through, and
describe the process.
4. a. Describe
the numerous roles of calcium ions in cardiac physiology.
b. State
the Frank‑Starling Law of the Heart, and explain its relationship to cardiac
output using the appropriate formula for determining cardiac output.
5. Explain
the flow of blood between the heart and the tissues. Ensure that you describe
the five main types of blood vessels.

6. a. Identify and discuss the major factors
that affect systemic vascular resistance.

b. Discuss
the process of capillary filtration and reabsorption.
7. a. Describe the negative feedback loop that
controls the rate of erythropoiesis. Under what circumstances would you expect
the rate of erythropoiesis to increase? How would it be possible to tell if the
rate of erythropoiesis is elevated?
b. Why
does damaged endothelium present an increased risk of blood clotting?
8. Describe
the three mechanisms that contribute to hemostasis.

9. a. Describe antibody subclasses and their
functions.
b. Compare
and contrast IgM and IgG antibodies.
10. Compare
and contrast the roles of cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells.