Nutrient Density- Meal Comparison

Micronutrients Assignment (30 points)1) Nutrient Density- Meal ComparisonUse the following three lunch meal plans to answer the discussion questions.Lunch #1Lunch #2Lunch #3Beef and bean burrito (1)Hamburger, plain, small (1) Bread, whole wheat slices (2)Mexican white rice (1 cup)French fries, medium (1)Peanut butter, chunky, (2 Tbsp)Bottled water (12 oz)Diet cola (12 oz)Jam, (1 Tbsp)Yogurt, low-fat (1 cup)Grapes (1 cup)Broccoli, raw (1 cup)Discussion Questionsa) What are the DRIs for a non-pregnant adult female for riboflavin, folate,vitamin B12, and vitamin C?b) Which meal would be most helpful in meeting the DRIs for riboflavin, folate,vitamin B12 and vitamin C?c) Which of the above foods are highest in these nutrients?d) What changes could be made to the meal plans to improve their nutrientdensity?2) Case Study: Supplemental Vitamin ABeth H. is a 29-yr-old professional woman with a family history ofosteoporosis. She weighs 135 pounds and is 66 inches tall. She eats avaried diet that includes meat, fish, and poultry and she consumes at least 2cups of low-fat milk or yogurt most days. She drinks a small glass of orangejuice every morning and typically eats about 2 cups of vegetables daily.Every day she takes a daily multivitamin that contains 10,000 IU vitamin A (asbeta-carotene), and now she is wondering if this may be necessary or evenharmful.a) According to the current RDA for vitamin A (in chapter 11), how much vitaminA does Beth need each day?b) Using the formula in chapter 11, show how Beth can convert the vitamin A inher supplement into RAE units. Then use this formula to calculate theamount of micrograms RAE Beth gets each day from her supplement.c) Use Figure 11-7 to estimate how much vitamin A (in micrograms RAE) Bethcan reasonably expect to receive from her usual diet?d) Considering her family history and age, what are reasons that Beth shouldavoid excessive intakes of vitamin A in supplement form?3) Case Study: Low Serum Vitamin DJoan is a 90-yr-old Caucasian woman who has recently been diagnosed withosteoporosis after a recent fall that broke her hip. She is 64 inches tall andweighs 115 pounds. Lately she has been complaining about muscle pain inher legs. She eats a limited diet due to a chronic low appetite. A recent bloodtest shows Joan’s serum vitamin D level is below normal. Her daily dieta)b)c)d)includes juice or fruit and toast with butter for breakfast; cottage cheese andfruit for lunch; and salad or frozen vegetable with meat or poultry for dinner.She dislikes most fish except canned tuna and she often drinks a glass offortified milk before going to bed at night. Although she lives in New Mexico,she spends most days indoors. She takes a daily multivitamin that contains400 IU vitamin D and 15 mg vitamin E.What is 7-dehydrocholesterol?What are the three main steps in vitamin D synthesis and activation (for eachstep, identify where the process is taking place and the name of the vitamin Dcomponent produced).Of the foods Joan eats, which is the best source of vitamin D?Because Joan is concerned about skin cancer, she uses a sunscreen whenshe is outside. Above what SPF level will sunscreen prevent adequatevitamin D synthesis when exposed to 20 minutes of sun exposure?4) Case Study: Fluids for a Young AthleteMichael is a 17-yr-old high school football player who has recently been doing‘two a day” practices in preparation for the upcoming season. He is in goodphysical condition at 70 inches and 165 pounds. he is attempting to gainweight, so he has increased his intake of protein foods and estimates he eatsapproximately 3500 kcalories a day. One particularly hot afternoon, Michaelis sweating profusely and begins to feel weak and has a difficult time keepingup with his usual practice routines. Noticing that his face is visibly flushed, hiscoach has him sit out of practice. Michael reports having eaten 2 peanutbutter and jelly sandwiches, potato chips, and a can of soda for lunch, about 2hours before practice. He had a breakfast burrito with eggs and cheese forbreakfast with a 12-ounce glass of orange juice.a) Which is typically one of the early symptoms of dehydration? Choose onedry mouth, flushed skin, fatigue, irritability, dizziness.b) Based on these signs of dehydration, what percentage of body fluid wouldyou estimate Michael has lost? Choose one: less than 2%, 3-4%, more than5%c) Michael is considering snack foods and wants to pick items that will improvehis hydration. In terms of the percentage of water they provide, which one ofthe following would be the best choice? grapes, bananas, strawberries,oranges, applesd) What brain structure is importantly involved in thirst and water satiety?5) Case Study: Trace Mineral DeficienciesBelinda is a 10-yr-old elementary school student who has come in for aphysical examination. She is 55 inches tall and weighs 120 pounds. Herdoctor calculates her BMI at 27.9 (98th percentile for her age). Concernedabout her weight, Belinda’s doctor asks about her diet and her physicalactivity. Her mother reports that Belinda has become “lazy” and does not liketo play outside with her friends after school. She says she is more irritablethan usual and complains about helping with household chores. Her mothera)b)c)d)worries that she may be depressed, although she can think of no familyissues that may be responsible for this behavior. Belinda sometimes skipsbreakfast or has cereal and toast in the morning; she takes chips, a juicedrink, and a cheese sandwich made with white bread for lunch; and has atoaster pastry or cookies with milk for a snack after school. She doesn’tparticularly like meat and frequently asks for buttered pasta with cheese fordinner. Belinda says she eats vegetables “when my mom buys them”. Ablood test reveals a normal hemoglobin level, low serum iron, moderatelyelevated transferrin, and low transferrin saturation.Based on her signs and symptoms, in what stage of iron-deficiency isBelinda? Choose one: Not deficient, subclinical, stage 1, stage 2, stage 3The hemoglobin precursor that accumulates in iron-deficiency is___________________________.Belinda doesn’t care for meat and rarely eats it. What percentage of dietaryiron is absorbed from vegetarian diets?Suppose Belinda were to switch from buttered pasta with cheese to pastawith marinara (tomato) sauce. If her mother were to prepare the pasta saucein a cast iron pan, the iron content of a single serving would increase from0.61 mg to: not at all, double, triple, more than 5 mg