PSYC 354 HOMEWORK 4 Sampling and Probability

HOMEWORK 4Sampling and ProbabilityWhen submitting this file, be sure the filename includes your full name, course and section. Example: HW4_JohnDoe_354B01Be sure you have reviewed this module/week’s lesson and presentations along with the practice data analysis before proceeding to the homework exercises. Complete all analyses in SPSS, then copy and paste your output and graphs into your homework document file. Answer any written questions (such as the text-based questions or the APA Participants section) in the appropriate place within the same file. ________________________________________ Part I: ConceptsQuestions 1–15________________________________________These questions are based on the Nolan and Heinzen reading and end-of-chapter questions. ________________________________________ Questions 1-10Fill in the highlighted blanks to answer/complete the statements. 1) When a sample has similar characteristics to the population from which it was drawn, the sample is said to be ________. 2) If a finding based on a sample also applies beyond that sample to the entire population, that finding is said to have high external _______. 3) The duplication of the results of a research study in a different context or with a different sample is called ________. 4) Your own estimate of the likelihood that you will lose 20 pounds is known as a(n) ________. 5) Expected relative-frequency probability is computed as the number of ________ divided by the number of ________. 6) The ________ group is the group receiving the intervention or treatment of interest. 7) A statement that 2 populations are different from one another is a(n) ________ hypothesis. 8) If you find that the groups you studied differed from each other more than would be expected by chance alone, you ________ the null hypothesis. 9) When you reject the null hypothesis but the null hypothesis is in fact true, you have made a(n) ________ error. 10) When you fail to reject the null hypothesis but the null hypothesis is false, you have made a(n) ________ error. Question 11a-11bResearchers were interested in whether toddlers with older siblings learn to read more quickly than those without older siblings. They recruited a sample of families and compared the number of words read correctly by the toddlers with older siblings to the number of words read correctly by toddlers without older siblings. 11-a) What is the likely null hypothesis for this experiment? Answer 11-b) What is the likely research hypothesis for this experiment? Answer________________________________________ Question 12-15Complete the following exercises: 12) What is the probability of hitting a target if, in the long run, 80 out of every 361 attempts actually hit the target? Answer (show work) 13) On a TV game show, 5 people have won the grand prize and a total of 104 people have competed. Estimate the probability of winning the grand prize. Answer (show work) 14) Convert the following proportions to percentages: a) 0.239b) .7c) .5961 a) Answer b) Answer c) Answer 15) Convert the following percentages to proportions:a) 47.3%b) .1%c) 9.6% a) Answer b) Answer c) Answer________________________________________ Part II & Part IIIThere is no new SPSS material this module/week. No questions for Part II or III.________________________________________ Part IV: CumulativeData provided below for Questions 1 and 2.________________________________________ Grade99.0092.0090.0085.0083.0079.0078.0076.0075.0074.0072.0072.0070.0067.0063.0055.0051.00 Part IV: Questions 1a-1b________________________________________The final grades for students in a freshman seminar are shown in the left-hand column. Enter the data into a new SPSS data file. • Create the appropriate SPSS graph to show the distribution of students’ grades.• Compute descriptive statistics for this data.• Which measure of central tendency would you use to describe this data?• Why? 1-a) Create the appropriate SPSS graph to show the distribution of students’ grades. Answer: SPSS graph 1-b) Compute descriptive statistics for this data. Which measure of central tendency would you use to describe this data?Why? Answer: Appropriate Descriptive Statistics Table Answer: Measure Of Central Tendency Explanation/Justification:________________________________________ City Livability RatingBostonAustinChicagoPittsburghSan DiegoJackson, MSDetroitMiamiNew YorkCharlotteAtlantaSeattle 738373758072677173807877 Part IV: Questions 2a & 2b________________________________________• The overall livability ratings of 12 US cities appear in the columns to the left.• The data are based on data taken from this livability calculator (http://www.areavibes.com/).• Enter the data in a new SPSS file. When creating the City variable, be sure that the type is set to “string” or “text” in the Variable View so that the names will show up on the graph. 2-a) Create the correct type of graph to display this data, and justify your choice of graph. Answer: paste SPSS graph here Explanation/Justification: 2-b) What level of measurement (nom., ord., scale) is the variable “City”? What level of measurement is the variable “Livability Rating”? Answer Answer