The supremacy clause states that __________. a. in conflicts with international law, United States law dominants

1.The supremacy clause states that __________.a. in conflicts with international law, United States law dominantsb. the people are sovereign in the United Statesc. in conflicts between a federal and state law, the federal courts controlsd. the president is the highest civilian officer of the United States government2.The power of the United States Supreme Court to declare Acts of Congress unconstitutional isknown as the power of __________.a. judicial fiatb. judicial reviewc. judicial supremacyd. superintending control3.A state may grant greater rights than the United States Supreme Court under the adequate andindependent state ground doctrine for each of the following reasons, EXCEPT:a. the state constitution’s text describes rights in a positive formb. the state adopted the doctrine of nullificationc. framers of the state’s constitution intended expanded libertiesd. local traditions lead to heightened definitions of state rights4.The political theories discussed in the text include each of the following, EXCEPT:a. constitutionalismb. equalityc. natural lawd. rule of law5.The most important reason why knowledge of history is necessary is that it ___________.a. helps the student better understand constitutional criminal procedureb. is integral to the Supreme Court’s reasoning process in constitutional lawc. makes the subject of criminal procedure more interestingd. fills in the context of constitutional criminal procedure6.The Supreme Court established the foundation of constitutional criminal procedure between 1865and 1940 in cases involving abuses of Southern justice, EXCEPT for ___________.a. use of torture to obtain confessionsb. reference to African American witnesses by first namesc. exclusion of African Americans from juriesd. mob justice7.The presidential candidate who ran for office on an anti-crime platform was ____________.a. Dwight Eisenhower (1953-1961)b. John Kennedy (1961-1963)c. Lyndon Johnson (1963-1969)d. Richard Nixon (1969-1974)8.Before the Civil War, the United States Supreme Court decided that the Bill of Rights did notapply to the states in a case involving which amendment?a. Second Amendment– right to bear armsb. Fourth Amendment– search and seizurec. Fifth Amendment– just compensationd. Eighth Amendment– cruel and unusual punishments9.In the early Republic, the United States Supreme Court established its status as a powerful bodywith all of the following major powers except:a. power of judicial reviewb. power to reverse a state court interpretation of its state Constitutionc. power to declare a state ruling, statute, or constitutional provision voidd. power to take jurisdiction over any state case that interprets federal law whether in acivil or criminal case.10. Qualified immunity may be granted to government officials who perform __________ functions.a. arduousb. discretionaryc. exemplaryd. mandatory11. According to the text, the “remedy” for Fourth Amendment violations, which is uncommon and leasteffective, is ___________.a. state common law tort suitb. section 1983, civil rights suitc. section 14141, pattern and practice suitd. injunctionUnit 1 ExaminationBCJ 240 Procedures in the Justice System3112. Administrative measures to improve police compliance with the Fourth Amendment and otherconstitutional standards DO NOT include ____________.a. criminal prosecution of policeb. cultural diversity trainingc. pattern and practice suitsd. police ombudsmen13. Title 42 US §14141 prohibits governmental authorities from engaging in “pattern or practiceof conduct by law enforcement officials” that deprives:a. persons of constitutional rightsb. consent decreesc. investigative findings lettersd. memoranda of understanding14. The English Court of Common Pleas in Entick v. Carrington (1765) ruled that general warrantswere illegal for each of the following reasons, EXCEPT:a. they were not authorized by an act of Parliamentb. they violated the Fourth Amendmentc. their issuance in the past did not make them legal in the presentd. governmental necessity is not a valid legal argument15. The text of the Fourth Amendment does not refer to ____________.a. knock and announce requirementsb. particular search and seizurec. reasonable search and seizured. search warrant16. The Fourth Amendment contains two clauses, one of which is ____________.a. general warrant clauseb. reasonableness clausec. self-incrimination claused. balancing test17. According to the text, which statement best reflects the original motivation of the framers of theFourth Amendment?a. They intended to establish a “two-clause” approach to Fourth Amendment interpretation.b. They intended to control the powers of constables.c. They intended to establish a reasonableness approach to Fourth Amendmentinterpretation.d. They intended to prevent general warrants.Unit 1 ExaminationBCJ 240 Procedures in the Justice System3218. Constitutional search and seizure doctrines were revolutionized, in part, in the 1960s by____________.a. adopting telephonic search warrantsb. ruling that anticipatory warrants were constitutionalc. eliminating the exclusionary ruled. allowing a defendant to challenge the factual basis of a search warrant19. To have standing to sue, a party must have:a. a strengthened probable causeb. a valid interpretationc. a real stake in a legal controversy to bring a lawsuitd. limited attention on the police20. The Supreme Court “revolutionized” Fourth Amendment search and seizure law in the 1960s incases involving the following matters, EXCEPT:a. anonymous informantsb. mere evidencec. municipal house inspectionsd. wiretaps21. Which of the following statements about Katz v. U.S. (1967) is NOT accurate?a. It purported to eliminate the constitutionally protected area concept.b. Its ruling rests on a reasonable expectation of privacy.c. It shows that the Fourth Amendment is not rooted in property law.d. It applies only to electronic eavesdropping.22. The Supreme Court has applied the expectation of the privacy doctrine to favor the individual(rather than the state) in searches involving ___________.a. moving a mobile home out of a mobile home parkb. taking blood to determine blood alcohol levelc. applying a beeper to a car to follow a suspectd. a jail cell search23. The use of undercover agents who enter homes without warrants, but by invitation, violates____________.a. no constitutional provisionb. Fourth Amendment privacyc. Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incriminationd. Sixth Amendment right to counselUnit 1 ExaminationBCJ 240 Procedures in the Justice System3324. Standards of evidence sufficiency include each of the following EXCEPT:a. clear and convincing evidenceb. meaningful evidence in the casec. prima facie cased. substantial evidence on the whole record25. Probable cause is defined as ____________.a. evidence good and sufficient on its face to prove a fact or group of factsb. such evidence that a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support aconclusionc. known facts that would lead a reasonably prudent person to draw a conclusion aboutunknown factsd. facts that would lead an experienced police officer to believe that a crime has been, is,or is about to be committed