What are the “antecedents to parole”? Define and discuss Maconochie and Norfolk Island, as well as Crofton’s Irish system and their effects on parole in the United States

1.) What are the “antecedents to parole”? Define and discuss Maconochie and Norfolk Island, as well as Crofton’s Irish system and their effects on parole in the United States.Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.2.) What is the relationship between victims and the parole system? Should the victims be entitled to give victim impact statements? Why, or why not?Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.3.) Outline the key concepts of determinate and indeterminate sentencing. Which method is better, or do they both serve an equal purpose? Why? Why not? Use specific research and examples to support your assertions.Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.4.) What are the different types of Executive Clemency, and what is the relationship between parole and clemency? What are some significant Presidential pardons throughout the history of the United States, and do you feel they were they warranted? Why, or why not? You must discuss at least two pardons. (Outside research may be required to complete this response.)Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.The textbook for this course is named Probation and parole: Theory and practice Custom Edition by Howard Abadinsky 2012